Air Pollution
The condition in which air loses its natural composition and quality due to addition of impurities is called air pollution.
Burning of coal, usage of old and unrepaired automobiles, industrial smokes, volcanic eruptions, etc. are major sources of air pollution.
Water Pollution
The condition in which water loses its natural composition and quality due to mixing of harmful chemicals or substances is called water pollution.
Water from polluted sources is a mode of communication of several water-borne diseases like diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, etc.
Soil Pollution
The addition of harmful substances and waste materials on the land that causes it to change its natural composition is called soil pollution.
Piling up of wastes on the land produces unpleasant odour.
Industries and Pollution
From the beginning of industrial revolution, the industries have been adversely affecting the environmental aspects like water, air, land, etc. Smokes produced from the industries and factories during production contains harmful gases that gets mixed up with the air in the atmosphere and degrade its natural quality. Similarly, when the wastes are introduced to the water ecosystems, it adversely impacts the aquatic life and environment. Again, the industrial wastes that get left over on the land causes land pollution.
Conservation and Management of forest and water
Forest and water resources are two of the environmental aspects that Nepal is rich in. Few years ago, “Hariyo Ban Nepal ko Dhan” was a popular saying symbolizing the richness of Nepal in forest resources. Similarly, Nepal is the second richest country in terms of water resources in the world. However, the quality of these resources have been degrading over time. At present, they need to be well managed and conserved. For that, we humans should be careful about the activities that we do to sustain our lives. Our activities should not be a barrier for these resources to be in their natural and identical form. They are our essentials for living. Thus, we should be careful about the uses we get from them and their state.
Conservation and Management of Forests
Forest conservation and management is the process of planning and implementing practices for the stewardship and uses of forests to meet specific environmental, economic, social and cultural objectives. For conservation of forest we can carry out many actions. Some of them are enlisted as follows:
- Afforestation should be done periodically in needed places.
- Cattle grazing should be done in an organized way.
- Rare species of plants should be preserved. They should be multiplied as much as possible.
- Development activities should be done without harming the forest resources and forest lives.
- Timber and herbal products should be extracted in a managed and non destructive way.
Conservation and Management of Water
Water conservation and management encompasses the policies, strategies and activities made to manage water as a sustainable resource, to protect the water environment, and to meet current and future human demand. Following activities can be considered as a path way for the preservation and conservation of water resources:
- Sources of water should be preserved from the pollution.
- Chemical usages in agriculture should be minimized as much as possible.
- Strict laws from the government should be implemented in order to minimize unnecessary activities of humans.
- Sanitation programmes and campaigns should be conducted in order to keep the water resources clean and pure.