Magnetism Science Notes Class 10

Introduction

A conductor forms magnetic field around istelf when electric current is passed through it, this state is called magnetic effect of electric current.

Electromagnet

An electromagnet is a type of magnet which possess magnetism by application of electricity. 

As the following conditions are increased, the strength of an electromagnetic increases:

1. number of turns of wire
2. amount of current supplied in the circuit
3. purity of soft iron core

Uses of Electromagnet

Following are some of the common uses of electromagnet:

• Electromagnets are used in electrical devices such as electric bell, an electric train, electric motor, etc.
• It is used to remove pieces of iron from wound.
• It is used in MRI machines to take photos of the view of human’s internal organs.

Q. State the inter-relation between electricity and magnestim.

Answer: Both electricity and magnetism can be produced with the help of each other. According to Oersted’s experiment, it is known that a current produces a magnetic field. And, according to Michael Faraday, magnetism produces current through electromagnetic induction.

Electric Bell

Electric bell is the application of electromagnet which converts electrical energy into sound energy. 

Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction is the production of electromotive force across an electrical conductor due to the change in magnetic field.

Bicycle dynamo

A generator or dynamo is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy thus, is used to produce electricity.

Generator

A generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.A generator uses electromagnet to produce electricity through electromagnetic induction.

Electric motor

An electric motor is an electrical device that works on the principle of motor effect and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Inverter

An inverter is an electronic device that converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) and vice-versa.

Charger

A charger is a device which is used to put energy into a secondary rechargeable cell.

Adapter

Solar Cell

Transformer

Transformer is an electrical device which changes low AC voltage to a high AC voltage or high AC voltage to low AC voltage.

In a transformer,

There are two types of transformers:

1. Step-up transformer: The transformer which converts low AC voltage to high AC voltage is called step up transformer. It is used in power stations to transmit current to long distances.
2. Step-down transformer: The transformer which converts high AC voltage to low AC voltage is called step down transformer. It is used in the household devices.