Category: Notes

Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide is a acidic gas/ Dry ice. It is because as it reacts with water it gives carbonic acid. i.e Molecular Weight of co2 gas is c+2O= 12+ 2*16= 44amu co2 is polar covalent compound because it is formed by mutual sharing of valence electron between atom of different non-metal. Molecular structure…

Acids Acids are those chemical substances that give H+ ion when dissolved in water. Therefore, almost all the acids contain Hydrogen atom as their constituent element. Physical Properties of Acids Acids are sour to taste. They are corrosive in nature. They turn blue litmus paper into red, no change in phenolphthalein, and methyl orange into…

Chemical Reaction A process of chemical combination or decomposition in which substances undergo certain chemical change to form products. Word Equation A chemical reaction represented with the help of the name of the chemicals is called word equation. It is also known as formula equation. It is less informative than a chemical equation. Example: Carbon…

Current Electricity The electricity produced due to the flow of electrons through a conductor is called current electricity. Mathematically, $\text{Current (I)} = \dfrac{ \text{total charge (Q)}}{\text{time taken (t)}}$ $I = \dfrac{Q}{t}$ Current is a fundamental physical quantity and its SI Unit is Ampere (A). Effects of Current Electricity Electric Circuit A complete and closed path…

Light Light is a form of energy that gives us the sensation of vision. All the objects that can emit light are called sources of light. Light always travels in a straight path in any medium. This property of light is said to be rectilinear propagation of light. Lenses Lens is a piece of glass…

Heat and Temperature Heat: According to the Kinetic theory of molecules, heat energy is the sum of kinetic energy of all the molecules present in the body. Temperature: According to Kinetic theory of molecules, temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the body. Heat equation The amount of heat gained…

Energy Energy is the capacity to do work. Its SI unit is Joule (J) and C.G.S. unit is erg.  Sources of Energy All that which can provide enough useful energy at a steady rate are called sources of energy. On the basis of the form in which energy sources are used, sources of energy are categorized…

Pressure The magnitude of force applied perpendicularly on per unit surface of an object is called pressure. It is a derived and a scalar quantity. Mathematically, $\text{Pressure (P)} = \dfrac{ \text{Force (F)}}{\text{Area (A)}}$ The SI unit of Pressure (P) is Pascal (Pa), named after the scientist Blaise Pascal. Liquid Pressure Liquid is the state of…

Gravitation Gravitation is a force of attraction which exists between two bodies because of their masses. The force of gravitation exerted by the sun on the earth is equal to the force of gravitation exerted by the earth on the sun. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation It was given by famous Scientist and Mathematician Sir…