Category: Notes

Introduction Asexual reproduction is one of the two methods of reproduction, the other being sexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, offsprings or new organisms are developed, often from a single parent, without the fusion of male and female gametes. Therefore, there is no intermixing of hereditary characteristics. As a result, the offsprings produced by asexual reproduction…

Sex Determination Chromosomes act as the vehicle for transmission of hereditary characteristics. Each cell of a normal human beings contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of which, the first 22 pairs are called autosomes and the final pair is called sex chromosomes. Autosomes are responsible to transfer the body features of the parents into the…

Basics of Chromosome Chromosome: Chromosome is a thread-like structure made up of RNA, DNA and proteins that carries genetic information in the form of genes. (Wikipedia) It is contained in the nucleus of a cell. It always exists in a pair (2n). This pair can be further seen as autosomes (vegetatives chromosomes) and sex chromosomes.…

Transportation of essential nutrients, waste materials and other life-saving activities that happen within our body are influenced by the flow of blood from one part to the other part. Blood Circulatory System is the a collection of human heart, blood vessels and blood that perform the above-mentioned activities. Structure of Blood Blood is a heterogeneous,…

Glandular System Endocrine and Exocrine System Endorcine System:A group of endocrine glands that secret various hormones in the body required for its growth and development is called an endocrine system. Endocrine glands are ductless. They secret their secretions directly into the blood stream. Exocrine System:A group of exocrine glands that secret various enzymens in the…

Neuron: The building block of the Nervous System A neuron is a specialized nerve cell that acts as the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. 31 pairs of nerves are originated from the spinal cord. 12 pairs of nerves are originated from the brain. Nervous System The nervous system is a collection of…

Honey Bee Honey Bee are social insects. They live by making colonies. There are thousands of bees living in the colony, with one queen bee – the head of the colony, hundreds of drone (male) bees and worker (sterile female) bees. The scientific name of honey bee is Apis mellifera. Structure of Honey Bee The…

It is fine grey powder of calcium silicate and calcium aluminate is called cement. Cement Q. How is cement manufacture in industry? Ans: Cement is manufactured by heating the mixture of lime stone (Caco3)and special type of clay (Al2 O3 .Sio2) in the ratio of 2:1 at 1600 degree centigrade. Q. Why is calcium oxide…

Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are the compounds formed by the covalent bonding of Hydrogen and Carbon atoms. For example: CH4 is a hydrocarbon because it is formed when one carbon atom combines with four atoms of hydrogen. Functional Group and Homologous Series Functional group is an atom or a group of atoms that define the chemical properties of…

Metals and Non-metals Metals Non-metals Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity. Non-metals are bad conductor of heat and electricity except graphite. They are malleable and ductile. They are not malleable and ductile. Metals have metallic luster. Non-metals do not have metallic luster except iodine. All metals (except mercury) are solid at ordinary conditions.…